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How Are Pipe Fittings Sized?
publisherHELEN YANG
time2013/09/09
The sizes of pipe fittings can be very confusing because the sizes do not refer to any of the physical dimensions of the actual pipes. To determine the proper sizes, you will need to determine the thread as well as the outer diameter of the pipe. There are two common pipe threads -- the National pipe thread and National Standard free-fitting straight mechanical pipe thread. These threads have specific ANSI standard sizes that match the thread. The shape of the pipe fitting needs to match the pipes as well the pipe material.
Instructions
- 1
Measure the outside diameter of the pipe. Use a tape measure or other measuring device to determine the pipe diameter. For male and female pipes, make sure the outside diameter is measured from around the outer edges of the thread. You can measure the exterior diameter in millimeters or inches as pipe sizes are available in metric sizes as well as Standard English sizes.
- 2
Obtain a thread comparison table, which contains the schedule numbers set by the American National Standards Institute. These tables can be found online by performing a search. Use a comparison table that matches the exterior diameter with the schedule number. An example of a schedule number is NPS
- 1
3.
Match the exterior pipe diameter to the closest measurement and read the corresponding pipe size. Choose a pipe fitting that corresponds to this pipe size. Pipe fittings go over the pipe so it is the external diameter that is important as the fitting goes over the pipe.
4.
Match the connector type as there are pipe connectors specifically for male threaded pipe ends and female threaded pipe ends. Some pipe connectors will not use threads but will be marked as a female slip fit or male slip fit.